Campania is made up of the capital Naples, and of the provinces of Salerno, Avellino, Benevento and Caserta.
During the 2nd and 1st millennia B.C. it was inhabited by the Aurunci and the Opici. As most of southern Italy, the region became part of the Magna Grecia, during the greek colonization in the 8th century B.C.. Afterwards, in the 6th century, the region became the Etruscan southern outpost.

In the 5th century B.C. the region was conquered by the Sanniti followed by the Romans a century later.
The 24th of August of 79 A.D. a huge eruption of Vesuvius, covered the cities of Pompei and Ercolano with lava and ashes. Currently, for their state of conservation, beauty and richness of the archaeological findings, they represent one of the main tourist and cultural attractions of the region.

During the dominations of the Goths and then of the Byzantines, the region was able to maintain its unity. While during the Longobard domination it was divided into various dukedoms. The Normans were the ones, in the 12th century, who unified the region under Ruggero II. Politically, from then on, Campania had the same outcome of the other southern regions under the reign of Sicily, then Naples and finally the reign of the Two Sicilies.

The Borbonic domination ended with the Italian Risorgimento in 1860, thanks to the spedizione dei Mille, to Garibaldi and to the intervention of Piedmont, and even the region of Campania was finally annexed to the Reign of Italy, under the king Vittorio Emanuele II.